Ask the Vet

By Dr. Ken McMillan, Contributing Columnist

READER QUESTION:

We have a heifer with a swollen udder. The swelling extends up the body toward her belly button. It is soft and feels like bread dough. We are concerned as she is close to calving. Is there anything we need to do?

DR. MCMILLAN'S ANSWER:

This sounds like a condition called "udder edema." It is more common in dairy cows than beef cows, but it is something we tend to see in heifers and heavier milkers. An exact cause is not known, but it can be due to some impairment of circulation in the pelvic area due to fetal pressure.

There is often a drop in protein levels in the blood immediately prior to calving, as antibodies are transferred into the colostrum. Proteins act like a sponge to keep fluid in the veins and capillaries, so low levels could cause the condition you describe. High energy rations and legumes have also been implicated in an increase in the incidence of udder edema in dairy cattle.

This swelling you describe may prevent the calf from being able to nurse and get adequate colostrum, which can lead to a multitude of problems. So, keep a close watch, and if you are at all concerned it isn't getting what it needs from its dam, give the calf a colostrum replacer.

I recommend having your herd veterinarian examine this heifer to see if this is in fact udder edema, or if there is some other issue. Diuretics and steroids are usually effective in decreasing swelling in udder edema if that is what this is.

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Editor's Note:

Please contact your veterinarian with questions pertaining to the health of your herd or other animals. Every operation is unique, and the information in this column does not pertain to all situations. This is not intended as medical advice but is purely for informational purposes.

Write Dr. Ken McMillan at Ask the Vet, 2204 Lakeshore Dr., Suite 415, Birmingham, AL 35209, or email vet@progressivefarmer.com.

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