No ASEAN Consensus on S. China Sea

VIENTIANE, Laos (AP) -- Southeast Asia's main grouping apparently failed to reach a consensus Sunday on how to counter China's territorial expansion in the South China Sea, intensifying a diplomatic stalemate despite three rounds of formal and informal talks.

The foreign ministers of the 10 countries that make up the Association of Southeast Asian Nations deliberated for several hours during the three sessions, including over lunch, but remained deadlocked because Cambodia didn't want China criticized, diplomats said.

"It's really a loyalist of the big country C," a diplomat who attended closed-door meetings told The Associated Press, referring to China.

The stalemate puts pressure on ASEAN's cherished unity and also gives an upper hand to China, which has used every diplomatic means at its disposal to stave off wider international criticism over moves it's made in the South China Sea that have impacted four Southeast Asian countries.

"Certainly, Cambodia's paralysis of ASEAN ... hurts ASEAN's unity, cohesion, relevance and reputation," said Malcolm Cook, an analyst at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, a Singapore think-tank. "It makes ASEAN peripheral, not central, on this issue."

A bland press statement issued at the end of the first round of talks Sunday said only that the ministers had a "candid and constructive exchange of views on regional and international issues ... as well as developments in the Middle East, Korean Peninsula and the South China Sea."

After that, the foreign ministers broke for lunch before going into a so-called "retreat," where they were by themselves and in less formal surroundings. It was not clear whether they made any progress because many of the ministers came out and said nothing to waiting reporters. No statement was issued.

Like all other ASEAN meetings, the foreign ministers' conclave also traditionally issues a joint communique. But the sticking point is whether to include in it a reference to the South China Sea.

ASEAN's cardinal principle is decisions by consensus, which means any nation can veto a proposal. This time, it is Cambodia, China's close ally, invoking its veto. In 2012, Cambodia also blocked a reference to the dispute, which ended with the ministers failing to issue a statement for the first time in the bloc's history.

Sunday's talks were expected to deal with terrorism, the economy, climate change, security, the impact of Brexit and other issues. But all this has been overshadowed by the July 12 decision by a Hague-based tribunal in a dispute between China and the Philippines.

The Permanent Court of Arbitration found that China had no basis for its expansive claims to territorial waters around the Philippines. China has similar claims that clash with Vietnam, Malaysia and Brunei, and the ruling should have emboldened ASEAN to challenge Beijing more forcibly.

Diplomats, speaking on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the matter with the media, said the draft communique to be issued by the ministers left blank spaces under the heading "South China Sea" until a consensus can be reached.

"I think ASEAN and China have a wider picture than the South China Sea, and we will be working for the issuance of the joint communique," Aung Lynn, the director-general of Myanmar's ASEAN Affairs Department, told reporters.

Laos, which also is a China ally, has been careful not to take sides because of its position as the host. But it supports Cambodia's veto.

"For Laos and Cambodia, they clearly see relations with China as more important than their membership in ASEAN and are willing to damage ASEAN to aid their relations with China," said Cook, the analyst.

The South China Sea is dotted with reefs and rocky outcroppings that several governments claim, including China and the Philippines. The arbitration panel didn't take a position on who owns the disputed territories. It did conclude that many of them are legally rocks, even if they've been built into islands, and therefore do not include the international rights to develop the surrounding waters. That and other findings invalidated much of what China's called its historic claims to the resource-rich sea.

In order to ease tensions, China, the Philippines and possibly other claimants must define what the ruling means for fishing, offshore oil and gas exploration, and military and other activities in the vast body of water that lies between the southern Chinese coast and the Philippine archipelago.

China has rejected the ruling as bogus, and called for bilateral negotiations with the Philippines. In recent days, its military has staged live-firing exercises in the area and said it would begin regular aerial patrols over the sea. It also has asserted that it will not be deterred from continuing construction of its man-made islands.

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, who will attend related meetings with ASEAN on Monday, reiterated his government's position that it will only accept bilateral negotiations.

"Every country has the same position as China, that is that we should fully and effectively implement the regional Code of Conduct, and in that COC it clearly states the dispute should be resolved by peaceful, sit-down talks between the parties directly concerned," he said.

(KA)